69 Types of Pine Trees with Identification Guide, Chart and Pictures

Pine trees are a prevalent type of evergreen conifer found across various countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Belonging to the Pinaceae family and the Pinus genus, pine trees encompass a remarkable diversity of over 126 species worldwide. These resinous trees are closely related to other conifers like fir trees, cedars, and spruces.

Different types of pine trees grow in many different environments, such as cold regions in North America, rain forests, and hot, sandy deserts. Pine trees are also an important source of wood because they grow fast and are tall, straight trees. Even though pine wood is a type of softwood, many species are hard and strong enough to use in construction.

Wood from pine trees is used to make furniture, flooring, construction frames, and timber. Pine wood is also an important source of pulp to make paper.

In this article, you will learn about the various types of pine trees. As well as their scientific name, descriptions of pines and pictures of pine trees will help you identify them.

Pine Tree Identification

Pine trees can be identified by their needle-like leaves, seed-bearing cones, and reddish-brown or gray bark. Another identifying feature of pine trees is their egg-shaped cones that hang down from branches. Some types of pines can have large woody cones with scales that are long and straight. These cones open to release seed or pollen and then fall off.

One of the ways to tell pine trees apart from fir trees is by the way their needles and cones grow. Pine needles grow in clusters on the twigs, while fir needles are softer and are attached singularly to the branch. Pine cones hang down, whereas fir tree cones tend to grow straight upward from the branches.

Pine Tree Identification by Needles

Pine trees can be easily identified by their needles, which grow in small bundles called fascicles. Each fascicle on pine trees contains two, three, or five needles. Some pine trees are identified by having seven needles in a bundle.

Species of pines—white, red, and yellow—are identified by the number of needles in a bundle. For example, like most white pines, the eastern white pine tree is classed as a five-needle pine because it has five needles in each bundle. However, two-needle pine species tend to be red pines, and yellow pines are three-needle pine trees.

Pine trees can also be identified by their needles, as the length of pine needles can vary widely. Longleaf pine (pinus palustris) has the longest pine needles, measuring 18” (45 cm) long. Foxtail pine (pinus balfouriana) has the shortest pine needles, measuring 1” (2.5 cm) long.

Soft Needled Pines vs. Hard Needled Pines

An identifying feature of pine trees is whether the needles are soft or hard. Soft needled pines usually have fascicles with five needles, whereas hard needled pines have two or three needles per bundle.

Soft needled pines

Pine trees in the subgroup of “soft pines” tend to be white pine trees with five needles per bundle. Varieties of soft-needled pines include the western white pine (Pinus monticola), the eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), the limber pine (Pinus flexilis), and the Japanese white pine (Pinus parviflora).

Hard needled pines

Varieties of hard pine trees include species of red pine trees and yellow pine trees. Common species of hard needled pines include the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), red pine (Pinus resinosa), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta).

Types of Pine Trees (with Pictures and Names) – Identification Guide

Let’s look in more detail at some of the most common species of pine trees in the world.

Eastern White Pine Tree (Pinus strobus)

The eastern white pine has soft needles that grow in clusters of five and have a bluish-green appearance. On mature trees, the bark is rough and gray in color. Even though this is a huge type of tree, you can prune it to create a landscaping pine tree bush.

The eastern white pine cones are long, slender, and usually slightly curved, growing to 6” (16 cm). The white pine cones have thin scales that whiten at the apex.

Eastern pines also grow well in containers and are a popular type of Christmas tree. The species has good needle retention after being cut, and they emit a pleasant citrusy scent.

The eastern white pine is one of the most important pine species in North America. These are fast-growing trees and one of the tallest species of pines.

Pine tree identification

Eastern white pines are a tall species and grow 80 to 100 ft. (24 – 30 m) high. Eastern white pine cones are long and slender, growing to 6” (16 cm) long. The eastern white pine has soft needles that grow in clusters of 5.

Size: 80 to 100 ft. (24 – 30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 9

Western White Pine Tree (Pinus monticola)

The western white pine is a huge native pine. The western white pine is identified by its soft needles growing in bundles of five, pyramidal growth habit, and reddish-brown bark. The large pine tree grows 100 to 164 ft. (30 – 50 m) tall and is common in the northwestern United States.

Other identifying features of the western white pine are its long, slender pine cones measuring up to 12” (30 cm) long, finely serrated needles growing 2” to 5” (5 – 13 cm) long, and a relatively narrow, conical appearance.

The western white pine also goes by other names like the Californian mountain pine and the silver pine. The majestic white pine is also called the Idaho pine, as it’s the state tree of Idaho.

Eastern pine vs. western pine

The five-needled eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) and western white pine (Pinus monticola) are closely related.

The differences between the western and eastern white pine are the cones and needles. The western white pine has longer cones, and its needles have more prominent stomatal bands. Another difference is that the western white pine has a slenderer appearance than the eastern white pine.

Pine tree identification

The western white pine is identified as a tall, pyramidal pine tree with a slender conical shape, long, soft pine needles in bundles of five, and long slender greenish-brown pine cones measuring up to 1 ft. (30 cm) long.

Size: 100 to 164 ft. (30 – 50 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8

Sugar Pine Tree (Pinus lambertiana)

Also called the sugar cone pine, this massive tree is the tallest species of pine in the world. Sugar pines also have the longest cones of any tree in the Pinaceae family. This pine species gets its common name from the sweet resin in the tree.

Sugar pine has long needles that are light green in color and have white lines running along their length. Close up, you will see that the bark is reddish-brown with pronounced furrows.

Pine tree identification

The average size of the sugar pine is between 130 and 195 ft. (40 – 60 m). Slender pine needles grow in bundles of 5 and can measure up to 4.14” (14 cm) long. The long, woody, dark brown cones can grow up to 20” (50 cm) long.

Size: 130 to 195 ft. (40 – 60 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 9

Red Pine Tree (Pinus resinosa)

The red pine is an evergreen conifer that is characterized by a tall, straight trunk, a conical shape, and egg-shaped cones. The red pine tree has 2 needles per fascicle, and the yellow-green needles are long, brittle and snap easily.

The red pine gets its name from the red-orange bark that grows on the upper part of the tree.

Looking at pictures of mature red pines, you will notice that the crown is dome-shaped.

Pine tree identification

The red pine tree is a medium-sized pine tree that grows to between 66 and 115 ft. (20 -35 m). You can identify the red pine by the needle-like leaves that grow in clusters of 2 and are yellow-green in color.

Size: 66 to 115 ft. (20 – 35 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 2 to 5

Gray Pine Tree (Pinus sabiniana)

The gray pine tree is a native conifer to North America and is characterized by its conical crown, sparse foliage, egg-shaped brown cones, and long gray-green needles. The three-needled gray pine has needles growing 8” to 12” (20 – 30 cm) long. And a unique feature of the gray pine tree is its heavy, barrel-like cones which can weigh up to 1.5 lbs. (0.7 kg).

The gray pine tree is a relatively short pine species, growing 36 to 45 ft. (11 – 14 m) tall. The drought-tolerant pine adapts well to desert conditions and grows well in most soil types. Additionally, the tree has a slightly weeping appearance due to the sparse, drooping needles growing on wiry branches.

Pine tree identification

The gray pine tree has easily identifiable features that include sizable rounded pine cones, long pale grayish-green needles in fascicles of three, sparse leaf growth, and a conic crown that leans to one side.

Size: 36 to 45 ft. (11 – 14 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8

Pitch Pine Tree (Pinus rigida)

One of the distinguishing features of the pitch pine is its irregular shape and twisted branches. Its common name comes from the fact that its sticky resin was used for pitch in shipbuilding and railroad ties.

The long needles of the pitch pine tree give its branches a somewhat spiky look. Although pitch pines are a hardy conifer that grows in difficult environments, they are not an important timber tree. Mostly, pitch pines are used for pulp or constructing pallets.

Because of their uneven growth patterns, pitch pines are a favorite type of miniature tree among bonsai enthusiasts.

Pine tree identification

Pitch pines are small to medium-sized trees that reach modest heights of between 20 and 98 ft. (6 – 30 m). Needles are long and stout and grow in bundles of three. Cones are long, oval, and prickly and grow up to 2.34” (7 cm).

Size: 20 to 98 ft. (6 – 30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7

Scots (Scotch) Pine Tree (Pinus sylvestris)

Scots (Scotch) pine trees are stunning evergreen conifers that have thick, scaly brown bark, bluish-green needles, and small red to tan cones. Scots pines generally have a forked trunk that gives the medium-sized pine 2 flat masses of foliage.

Scots (Scotch) pines are also popular natural Christmas trees as they don’t shed their needles easily. Dwarf varieties of evergreen pines are also grown for their ornamental value in landscaped gardens.

Pine tree identification

Scots pine trees can grow to around 60 ft. (18 m), though they can occasionally be taller. The trees are identified by their short needles that grow in bundles of 2, but sometimes 3 or 4.

Size: Around 60 ft. (18 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7

Jack Pine Tree (Pinus banksiana)

Jack pines, similar to pitch pines, have an irregular shape, dark green needle foliage, and grow in poor soil conditions.

One of the identifying features of Jack pines is their small, yellowish prickly cones that are curved at their tips. These cones open in heat or if there is a fire. The gray bark is rough and fissured.

Pine tree identification

Jack pines are small evergreen pines, with some varieties not growing more than a shrub. Jack pines can range in size from 30 to 72 ft. (9 – 22 m). Their yellowish-green needles are twisted and only about 1.5” (4 cm) long.

Size: 30 to 72 ft. (9 – 22 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 3 to 8

Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris)

As its name suggests, the longleaf pine is an evergreen conifer that produces long, dark green needles. This species of pine is also important in the timber and pulp industries due to its long, straight trunk. Longleaf pines are also classed together with shortleaf pines as they are both types of southern yellow pines.

As with many tall pine trees, most of the foliage grows at the top of the tree. Dead branches fall off as the tree grows and eventually reaches about 100 ft. (30 m) in height.

Cones from the longleaf pine species measure about 6” to 10” (15 – 25 cm) long and are reddish-brown.

Pine tree identification

Longleaf pines grow to between 60 and 120 ft. (18 – 36 m) with the tallest being 154 ft. (47 m). These evergreen conifers are identified by their tall slender trunks and large hard cones. Longleaf pines produce long, needle-like leaves that grow to between 8” and 18” (20 – 45 cm).

Size: 60 and 120 ft. (18 – 36 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 8

Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)

The shortleaf pine is a type of yellow pine tree similar to the longleaf pine, only with shorter needle leaves. Similar to the longleaf variety, these southern pines are an important species in the timber industry.

Shortleaf pines are distinguished from their longleaf cousins by their needles, bark, and cones. Needles grow to about 5” (12 cm) and they have tiny cones compared to the longleaf pines. These small reddish-brown cones may only measure 2” (5 cm) long. You can also tell the species apart by the dark bark in rectangular shapes on the shortleaf species.

Pine tree identification

These pine trees from the Pinus echinata species grow to between 65 and 100 ft. (20 – 30 m).

Size: 65 and 100 ft. (20 – 30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9

Bristlecone Pine (Pinus aristata)

The bristlecone pine is a small pine tree with grayish-brown bark, short needle-covered branches, and yellow-tan cones in the shape of an egg.

Bristlecone pines are versatile trees that grow in a range of climates. They are common at high altitudes in the cold Rocky Mountains and also grow in the hot Arizona desert.

Bristlecone pine needle color tends to be dark green to a green with a blue tinge. Immature cones are a deep purple color and gradually turn yellow or beige.

Pine tree identification

Species of bristlecone pines grow to between 8 and 20 ft. (2 – 6 m). Leaves are needle-like and are 1.5” (4 cm) long and have a bluish-green color.

Size: 8 and 20 ft. (2 – 6 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 3 to 10

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

Loblolly pines are classified with southern yellow pines and are one of the most common trees in the U.S. These pines in the lower classification of Pinus australis are tall, elegant trees with a crown of green foliage at the top of their 115-ft. (35-m) trunks.

Loblolly pines are common in the southeastern regions of the US and they grow in swampy, acidic soil. These are resinous pines that are prized for their high-quality softwood timber.

Loblolly pine cones are identified as reddish-brown and have a narrow, conical shape. The pointed, egg-shaped pine cones have sharply spined scales that open wide in dry weather.

Pine tree identification

The majestic Loblolly pines grow to between 60 and 90 ft. (18 – 27 m) high and they have wide trunks up to 5 ft. (1.5 m) in diameter. Their dark green needles are about 8” (20 cm) long and grow in bundles of three.

Size: 60 and 90 ft. (18 – 27 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9

Slash pine (Pinus elliottii)

This resinous conifer tree in the genus Pinus is a fast-growing pine that has wide, spreading foliage. Characteristics of the slash pine are long slender needles, glossy red-colored cones, and orange bark.

This pine tree species is also classed along with the yellow pines. It is another important pine tree in the timber industry. These pines can also create pine hybrids with other species that are common in the southern states of the U.S. such as the longleaf pine and loblolly pine.

Pine tree identification

Slash pines grow to between 60 and 100 ft. (18 – 30 m). Needles grow in clusters of 2 or 3 and can be as long as 10” (24 cm).

Size: 60 and 100 ft. (18 – 30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 11

Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana)

The Virginia pine is a medium-sized species of pine tree with short pine needles and large seed cones. During the summer, the needle foliage is deep green and this turns yellow-gold in winter.

The needles on Virginia pines are not soft and are quite sharp to touch. Despite this fact, small varieties of Virginia pines are also popular Christmas trees. They have red and brown bark that has a rough texture.

Pine tree identification

Virginia pines grow to between 18 and 60 ft. (9 – 18 m). Their needle-like leaves are just 0.78” to 3.14” (2 – 8 cm) in length and they grow in 2 needles per cluster.

Size: 18 and 60 ft. (9 – 18 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

The lodgepole pine tree can grow as a short evergreen shrub or a tall slender pine tree, depending on the subspecies. The taller varieties are some of the largest pine species that grow in the U.S. Lodgepole pines generally grow at high altitudes in coastal or cold mountainous areas.

One of the identifying features of lodgepole pines is their conical shape. Branches grow outwards and upwards and get shorter nearer the top. The dark green foliage turns bright yellowish-green in the wintertime.

Lodgepole pine needles are glossy and dark green. The needles grow in pairs and some varieties of pine can have up to 5 needles in a cluster. Cones are light brown and approximately 1” – 3” (3 – 7 cm) long.

Pine tree identification

Lodgepoles are narrow pines that grow to between 130 to 160 ft. (40 – 50 m) high. The pine tree foliage is characterized by short shoots and pointed needles that are 1.5” to 3” (4 – 8 cm) long.

Size: 130 to 160 ft. (40 – 50 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8

Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)

The ponderosa pine tree is a huge evergreen conifer with unique orange-red bark and black markings. Due to its extremely long and straight trunk, this pine species is prized in the timber industry. It is also called the bull pine, western yellow pine, or blackjack pine.

Ponderosa pine trees can be identified by their long, straight trunk and their long slender needles. The cones can be dark purple to red-brown, depending on the exact subspecies. Cones measure between 2” to 4” (5 – 10 cm) in length.

Pine tree identification

Ponderosa pines usually grow to a height of around 60 to 125 ft. (18 – 38 m), with the tallest reaching 235 ft. (72 m). The green flexible needles grow to around 8” (20 cm) and they have 3 in each bundle growing on the shoots.

Size: 60 to 125 ft. (18 – 38 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 3 to 7

Coulter Pine (Pinus coulteri)

Another large species in the genus Pinus is the coulter pine. These massive pine trees also have large spiny tan-colored cones, long gray-green pine needles, and reddish-brown bark.

This impressive coulter pine tree also grows giant, spiky cones and has the name the “big-cone pine tree.” In fact, the coulter pine produces the heaviest cones of any pine tree. Its spiny pine cones can weigh between 4.4 – 11 lb. (2 – 5 kg)! This means that working near coulter pines is a definite health hazard.

The tree’s fast growth rate and size mean that its wood is of poor quality for lumber.

Pine tree identification

Coulter pines grow to between 33 and 79 ft. (20 – 40 m) tall. Needles are a dull dark green color and are 6” to 12” (15 – 30 cm) in length.

Size: 33 and 79 ft. (20 – 40 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 10

Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata)

The Monterey pine tree is known for its tall stature, bright green needles, and egg-shaped cones. The pine tree is characterized by upward-pointing branches that have clusters of needles to create dense foliage.

The Monterey pine tree needles have a blunt tip, grow in clusters of 3, and are long and slender.

Monterey pine trees are a medium-dense type of softwood conifer. This makes the species an important tree in the timber industry. High-quality Monterey pine wood products include flooring, fence posts, and indoor wooden structures.

Pine tree identification

In optimum conditions, Monterey pines can grow to 200 ft. (60 m). In coniferous forests, most species are between 50 and 100 ft. (15 – 30 m) tall. The pine is identified by needles that are 3” to 6” (8 – 15 cm) long and brown ovoid cones measuring 3” to 6” (8 – 15 cm).

Size: 50 and 100 ft. (15 – 30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 3 to 11

Two-Needle Pinyon Pine (Pinus edulis)

Also called the Colorado pinyon, this medium-sized bushy pine tree grows in hot or cold unforgiving climates. The wood from pinyon pines is also extremely strong despite it being classified as a “softwood.”

Needles on the brownish twigs grow in pairs and are described as “stout, long pine needles.” Its branches are dense with pine needles and its bushy growth can provide shade.

Smaller varieties of pinyon pines are also sold as Christmas trees.

Pine tree identification

Pinyon pines grow to between 33 and 66 ft. (10 – 20m) and they also grow as small shrub-like trees. The oval-shaped pine cones contain edible nuts and are a yellow-tan color when mature. Needles grow in pairs (hence the name, two-needle pinyon) and are short at 2” (5 cm) long.

Size: 33 and 66 ft. (10 – 20 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8

Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis)

Whitebark pines are usually pines that grow at the highest elevations in mountains. As its common name suggests, the bark on whitebark pines is a whitish color rather than the typical red or charcoal-gray.

Whitebark pine trees are classified in the group of white pines. It can be difficult to distinguish between the subspecies. Needles grow in clusters of 5 and the cones are long and grow to 3” (7 cm) long.

In their native habitats in the mountain forests of North America, whitebark pines are an endangered pine species.

Pine tree identification

Whitebark pines are tall trees that grow to 95 ft. (29 m) high. The dark green needles are between 1.5” and 3” (4 – 7 cm).

Size: 95 ft. (29 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 2 to 8

Pond Pine (Pinus serotina)

Pond pine trees are medium-sized conifers with long yellowish-green needle leaves growing in bundles of three or four. The pond pine is identified by its crooked growth habit, yellow-brown cones, and dark-reddish-brown bark. As the name suggests, the pond pine grows well in poorly-drained soil, wet woodlands, and near ponds.

Pond pine trees are native southern pine trees that thrive in USDA zones 7 through 9. The evergreen conifers grow up to 70 ft. (21 m) high and perform well in most soil types. 

Pine tree identification

The pond pine tree is identified by its thin, flexible pine needles with characteristic twisted tufts at the tips. The needles grow 5” to 6.5” (12 – 16 cm) long in bundles of three. Pond pine cones are small, globose cones that are yellowish-brown and have prickly scales.

Size: 70 ft. (21 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 9

Sand Pine (Pinus Clausa)

The sand pine is a native coniferous tree that grows 16 to 33 ft. (5 – 10 m) tall. The pine is identified as a small to medium-sized pine tree with a spreading, conical crown and twisted branches. The pine tree’s green needles and pale, brown-colored cones measure 2” to 3” (5 – 7.5 cm) long.

Sand pines are common Florida pine trees that thrive in coastal regions and are often seen growing on sand dunes. The pine trees grow best in USDA zones 9 and 10.

Pine tree identification

The sand pine is identified by its twisted branching habit, slender needles with serrated margins, and reddish-brown seed-bearing cones. Both the cones and pine needles grow 2” to 3” (5 – 7.5 cm) long.

Size: 16 to 33 ft. (5 – 10 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 and 10

Spruce Pine (Pinus glabra)

The spruce pine is a tall, beautiful evergreen cone-bearing tree with an oval, rounded crown. Identifying features of the spruce pine are silvery-gray needles, small cylindrical brown cones, and dark brown or gray bark. The attractive pine tree grows 80 to 115 ft. (25 – 35 m) tall.

Pine tree identification

The spruce pine tree is identified by its dark green, silvery needles that grow in pairs and measure 3.5” to 4” (9 – 10 cm). Its cones are slender and relatively small, only measuring 1.5” to 3” (4 – 8 cm) in length.

Size: 80 to 115 ft. (25 – 35 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 10

Japanese Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii) 

Japanese black pine is a graceful ornamental conifer tree that grows up to 130 ft. (40 m) tall. The non-native pine tree has stout, dark-green needle leaves growing 3” – 4.5” (8 – 11 cm) long. The small pine cones have a conical shape and measure 1.5” (4 cm).

Japanese black pine trees thrive in USDA zones 6 through 8. It is native to Japan and the far east. Still, it has been successfully grown in Florida and throughout the United States for many years.

Pine tree identification

The Japanese black pine is identified by its flat-topped, pyramidal habit with an irregular, spreading crown and drooping branches. The dark-green needles are stout, and the cones have a pointed, egg-shaped appearance.

Size: 130 ft. (40 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8

Aleppo Pine Tree (Pinus halepensis)

The Aleppo pine tree is characterized by its narrow, conical light brown cones, yellowish-green needles, and thick, orange-red bark. This pine tree is classed as a medium-sized conifer growing 50 – 80 ft. (15 – 25 m) tall. Aleppo pine needles are soft and slender, measuring 2.3” to 4.7” (6 – 12 cm) long and growing in bundles of two.

Aleppo pine trees are native to the Mediterranean region and are also called the Jerusalem pine. In a landscape, the heat-loving, sun-tolerant pine has a flat-topped crown with an irregular branching pattern. Additionally, the pine can be identified by its thick, deeply fissured bark at the trunk’s base.

Although native to the Mediterranean, Aleppo pine trees commonly grow in California. They are hardy to USDA zone 8.

Pine tree identification

The Aleppo pine tree is identified as a two-needled pine that grows to a medium height and produces slender brown cones measuring 2” to 4.7” (5 – 12 cm) long.

Size: 50 – 80 ft. (15 – 25 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8

Austrian Pine Tree (Pinus nigra)

Also called the European black pine, the Austrian pine tree is a medium-to-large coniferous tree growing 66 to 180 ft. (20 – 55 m) tall. The identifying features of the pine tree are its grayish-brown bark, conical seed cones measuring 2” to 4” (5 – 10 cm), and long stiff needles growing in bundles of two.

The Austrian pine is classified as a hard-needled pine with rapid growth. The mature pine has a long, straight, slender trunk with a conical, slightly rounded crown. In time, the pine tree’s canopy develops an irregular shape.

Pine tree identification

The Austrian pine tree is characterized by its gray bark with deep fissures and ridges, buff-colored pine cones with rounded scales, and hard needles growing in pairs.

Size: 66 to 180 ft. (20 – 55 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7

Foxtail Pine Tree (Pinus balfouriana)

The foxtail pine tree is a medium-sized conifer with a thick trunk and broad, irregular crown. Native to California, this pine tree has curved green needles growing in bundles of five, dark red-brown seed cones, and bark that is reddish or cinnamon in color with deep, irregular fissures.

The foxtail pine grows up to 30 to 70 ft. (10 – 20 m) tall. The stout pines with their broad trunk are typically found growing in higher elevations at subalpine forests.

Pine tree identification

The foxtail pine is a five-needle conifer species that can be identified by its deeply fissured reddish bark, cylindric or egg-shaped cones that turn from purple to reddish-brown, and small needle leaves growing 1” to 1.5” (2 – 4 cm) long.

Size: 30 to 70 ft. (10 – 20 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 5 to 8

Italian Stone Pine Tree (Pinus Pinea)

The Italian stone pine tree is an easily identifiable pine tree due to its spreading umbrella-like canopy. Features of the distinctive pine include broad, ovoid brown cones measuring 3” to 6” (8 – 15 cm) long, glaucous blue-green needles 0.75” to 1.5” (2 – 4 cm) long, and thick reddish-brown bark.

The Italian stone pine is a characteristic feature of Mediterranean landscapes. The tall, majestic tree, with its spreading crown, has a distinct Y shape.

Also called the umbrella pine or parasol pine, the two-needled pine tree grows up to 80 ft. (25 m) tall. Unlike other pines that live for hundreds, even thousands of years, the Italian stone pine has a relatively short life—only 150 years.

Pine tree identification

The easy-to-identify Italian stone pine has a distinctive appearance of an umbrella. Identifiable features of the Italian stone pine are its orange-red bark, hard, green needles growing in pairs, and broadly ovoid, shiny brown seed cones.

Size: 80 ft. (25 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 11

Jeffrey Pine Tree (Pinus jeffreyi)

Also called the yellow pine or black pine, the Jeffrey pine tree is a tall, native coniferous evergreen growing 82 to 130 ft. (25 – 40 m) tall. The yellow pine species has distinctive prickly gray-green needle leaves growing 4.7” to 9” (12 – 23 cm) long. The pine cones emerge purple before turning pale brown and grow as long as the needles—up to 9” (23 cm) long.

Jeffrey pine trees belong to the three-needled pine subgroup. The tall, erect pine tree is recognized in the landscape by its brown bark, conical crown, and cones that feel remarkably smooth.

Another feature to help identify the Jeffrey pine tree is the sweet scent the needles and bark emit. Try rolling the stout needles in your hand or break off some bark to detect lemon, vanilla, apple, or even butterscotch aromas.

Pine tree identification

To identify the Jeffrey pine tree in a landscape, look for pale green needles growing in bundles of three, long slender pale brown cones and brown bark that gives off sweet fragrances.

Size: 82 to 130 ft. (25 – 40 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 5 to 8

Limber Pine Tree (Pinus flexilis)

The limber pine is a native species of white pine with a conical, contorted crown, light gray bark, dark green needles, and tan-colored ovoid cones. The limber pine is a species of five-needled, soft pine tree. Its bluish-green needles measure 3” (8 cm) long, and its cones measure 2.7” to 6” (7 – 15 cm) long.

Limber pine trees grow around 65 ft. (20 m) tall. However, in higher elevations where the pine is commonly found, it may only reach 15 – 35 ft. (5 – 10 m) tall.

The botanical name and common name for limber pine come from the unique characteristics of the tree’s branches. Its branches are incredibly flexible and difficult to break. Therefore, you may see the tree’s foliage drooping heavily under the weight of snow.

Pine tree identification

The limber pine tree is identified by its smooth, light-gray, sometimes dark bark, reddish-brown twigs, 5-needled fascicles, and cylindric pale red to yellowish-red cones.

Size: 15 – 35 ft. (5 – 10 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7

Mugo Pine Tree (Pinus mugo)

The mugo pine is a small coniferous tree or shrub commonly used to landscape evergreen gardens. The ornamental pine tree grows 3 to 10 ft. (1 – 3 m) tall. The two-needled pine has dark green leaves growing 1.1” to 2.7” (3 – 7 cm) long, and small nut-brown cones measuring up to 2.1” (5.5 cm) long.

Other names for the mugo pine include creeping pine, dwarf mountain pine, Swiss mountain pine, and bog pine.

Pine tree identification

The mugo pine is easy to recognize due to its short stature, dark green needle leaves growing in pairs, and small pyramidal cones.

Size: 3 to 10 ft. (1 – 3 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 2 to 8

Maritime Pine Tree (Pinus pinaster)

Also called the cluster pine, the maritime pine is a fast-growing, medium-sized pine tree that grows 66 – 115 ft. (20 – 35 m) high. The pine tree features a slender, upright trunk and a relatively small pyramidal crown. Distinguishing features of the maritime pine are long yellowish-green stiff needles and conical cones growing 4” to 8” (10 – 20 cm) long.

The maritime pine is a species of European pine. These conifers are two-needled pine trees. The unique feature of the maritime pine is that its needles are the most robust of all the European pine trees.

Pine tree identification

The maritime pine tree is identified by its thick, orange-red bark with deep fissuring at the base. The yellowish-green needles measure 10” (25 cm) long and grow bundled in pairs.

Size: 66 – 115 ft. (20 – 35 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10

Mexican Weeping Pine Tree (Pinus patula)

The pyramidal Mexican weeping pine is a tall, robust pine tree growing 131 ft. (40 m) tall. This pine has slender branches covering the length of its reddish-brown scaly trunk. Tufts of drooping pine needles grow three to five in a fascicle and measure up to 12” (30 cm) long.

The Mexican weeping pine is easy to recognize in the landscape. Distinctive features include thin, weeping needle leaves, long dark brown conical cones that are slightly bent, and scaly red bark that becomes fissured and gray with age.

Pine tree identification

The identifying characteristics of the Mexican weeping pine are its curved seed cones, long arching needle-like leaves, and distinctive habit of branches covering the trunk’s length.

Size: 131 ft. (40 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 10

Lacebark Pine Tree (Pinus bungeana)

The lacebark pine tree is an unusual conifer due to its distinctive mottled white, gray, and red bark. And unlike most pine trees, this sun-loving pine is a multi-stemmed tree. The pine tree features stiff pointed needles growing three to a fascicle, yellowish-brown oval cones, and creamy-white patchwork bark.

The ornamental lacebark pine tree grows 30 – 50 ft. (9 – 15 m) tall and thrives in USDA zones 4 to 8. The pine is prized for its decorative value, adding all-year interest due to its attractive metallic bark, long green needles 2” to 4” (5 – 10 cm) long, and elegant shape.

Pine tree identification

The lacebark pine tree is a three needled pine identified by its smooth, colorful bark, long stiff needles, turpentine aroma from crushed foliage, and small egg-shaped brown cones.

Size: 30 – 50 ft. (9 – 15 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 8

Single-Leaf Pinyon Pine Tree (Pinus monophylla)

The single-leaf pinyon pine is a medium-sized conifer with thick pine needles, globose light brown cones, and scaly brown bark. The unique characteristic of the Pinus monophylla is its single needle leaf in each fascicle. The single-leaf pinyon pine is native to the western United States and grows 33 to 66 ft. (10 – 20 m) tall.

Pine tree identification

The single-leaf pinyon pine is identified by its glaucous blue-green needles growing 1.5” to 2.3” (4 – 6 cm) long, globose cones 3.1” (8 cm) long, and scaly bark with irregular furrows. You can tell this pine tree apart from other pines because each fascicle contains a single needle.

Size: 33 to 66 ft. (10 – 20 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8

Great Basin Bristlecone Pine Tree (Pinus longaeva)

The great basin bristlecone pine tree is a medium-sized conifer with a colossal trunk covered in bright orange-yellow bark. The long-living pine tree needles are deep green and grow 1” to 1.5” (2.4 – 4 cm) long. The large egg-shaped cones measure 2” to 4” (5 – 10 cm).

The bristlecone pine tree is one of the longest-living pines in the mountains of western United States. The pine tree grows 16 to 50 ft. (5 – 15 m) tall and is characterized by contorted branches. Needle-like evergreen leaves on the tree can persist for up to 43 years.

Pine tree identification

The identifying features of the five-needled, great basin bristlecone pine are its bristly ovoid cones, deep green needles featuring a white band, and its broad trunk measuring up to 12 ft. (3.6 m) in diameter.

Size: 16 to 50 ft. (5 – 15 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 5

Japanese Red Pine Tree (Pinus densiflora)

The Japanese red pine is a tall, majestic pine tree with an open, umbrella-shaped canopy, red-brown bark, and long needle leaves. This red pine species is a two-needle pine tree, with two 3” (7.5 cm) leaves growing in each fascicle. The slender, erect pine tree grows 66 to 115 ft. (20 – 35 m) tall.

In appearance, the Japanese red pine resembles the Scots pine tree. The difference between the two is that the Japanese red pine has longer, slenderer leaves that are more green than glaucous blue.

Pine tree identification

The Japanese red pine tree is identified by its two dark green needles in each bundle, conical golden brown seed cones, and reddish-brown bark forming flaky, papery plates.

Size: 66 to 115 ft. (20 – 35 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7

Texas Pinyon Pine (Pinus remota)

The small to medium-sized Texas pinyon pine is an evergreen conifer native to southwestern Texas. Texas pinyon is also called the papershell pine, and is identified by a thick, scaly bark, slender, dull-gray needle leaves, and globular cones. The pine trees grow 10 to 35 ft. (3 – 10 m) tall.

The Texas pinyon is a hardy Texas native pine tree that tolerates a range of soil types and weather conditions. It grows best in USDA zones 7 and 8. This native pine tree is common in the mountains and high deserts of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The pine tree tolerates heat and drought, making it ideal for growing in arid Texas landscapes.

Pine tree identification

Texas pinyon pine needles are short, slender, and dark green. They measure about 1” to 2” (2.5 – 5 cm) long and grow in bundles of two. The cones are a yellow-brown color and squatly round. The small cones measure up to 2” (5 cm) in length and contain edible nuts.

Size: 10 to 33 ft. (3 – 10 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 and 8

Eldarica Pine (Pinus eldarica)

Also known as the Afghan pine, the Eldarica pine is naturalized in many parts of the USA. The medium-sized pine tree has a short, straight trunk and a conical crown. It has dense foliage consisting of slender needles and long, brown woody cones.

The Eldarica pine is well-suited to USDA zones 6 through 8. The tree prefers full sun and well-drained soil. It can grow up to 40 ft. (12 m) tall.

Pine tree identification

The Eldarica pine has slender, medium green needles measuring 3” to 5” (7.5 – 13 cm) long. The wiry needle leaves grow in bundles of two and have a soft feel. The tree produces woody, egg-shaped cones that grow 3” (7.5 cm) long. Immature cones are green but turn brown as they mature.

Size: 40 ft. (12 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8

Apache Pine (Pinus engelmannii)

The Apache pine is a medium-sized species of pine tree characterized by its dark brown bark with shallow fissures. It has dull-green needles that grow in bundles of three, occasionally up to five. The needles measure 8 to 15 inches (20 – 38 cm) long.

The Apache pine features simple, glossy brown cones and a broad, rounded crown. Its branches are straight but upward-curving. The Apache pine can be found in southern Arizona and New Mexico, though it is most commonly found in northern Mexico.

Size: 50 to 82 ft. (15 – 25 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 11

Arizona Pine (Pinus arizonica)

Native to the southwest United States, the Arizona pine can be identified by its yellow-green needles growing in bundles of three to five. Older trees have an open, rounded canopy shape, while younger trees tend to have a more pyramidal canopy shape.

The Arizona pine produces asymmetrical, slightly curved reddish-brown cones that are 2 to 4 inches (5 – 11 cm) long. Its bark is rough, grayish-brown, and divided into large plates. The pine is often utilized for its timber, which makes great firewood.

Size: Up to 112 ft. (34 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8

Bishop Pine (Pinus muricata)

The bishop pine is a medium-sized pine with either yellow- or blue-green needles, depending on the location. The pine’s needles are 3 to 6.5 inches (8 – 16 cm) long and are found in pairs. The crown is either round or irregularly shaped.

The bishop pine is known for its drought tolerance. It features scaly, deeply furrowed, dark gray bark and egg-shaped cones found in clusters of one to five. The pine’s range is restricted only to the coast of California, a few offshore islands, and the Mexican state of Baja California.

Size: 40 to 70 ft. (12 – 21 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 9

Bosnian Pine (Pinus heldreichii)

The Bosnian pine is a beautiful pine tree known for its stunning purple cones. The cones start out purple when they’re young and gradually turn brown as they mature. The pine’s 2 to 3.5 inch (5 – 9 cm) long needles grow in bundles of two and are a glossy, dark green color.

The Bosnian pine can also be identified by its light-gray bark with distinctive, alligator-like scales. This pine tree is often grown as an ornamental feature in parks or large gardens due to its decorative bark and cones.

Size: 50 to 70 ft. (15 – 21 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8

Canary Island Pine (Pinus canariensis)

The Canary Island pine is a large pine tree that can grow up to 200 ft. (60 m) tall. It can be recognized by its green or yellow-green, drooping needles that grow in bundles of three. The pine has an attractive conical-shaped crown.

Other identifying features of the Canary Island pine include scaly, fissured red-brown bark and 4 to 7 inch (10 – 18 cm) long, glossy chestnut-brown cones. Additionally, it is one of the most drought-tolerant pines in warm climates.

Size: 100 to 200 ft. (30 – 60 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 11

Chihuahua Pine (Pinus leiophylla)

The Chihuahua pine is a medium-sized pine with glossy, green to yellow-green needles in bundles of three to five. Its cones are egg-shaped and dark-brown in color. It has an open, rounded crown. The pine is found at high altitudes of 5250 to 9840 ft. (1600 – 3000 m).

The Chihuahua pine has gray-brown, fissured bark that is divided into irregular, scaly plates. This pine is occasionally found in southern Arizona and New Mexico, though it is most commonly found in Mexico. Its hard, dense wood is often used for construction purposes.

Size: 49 to 115 ft. (15 – 35 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 10

Manchurian red pine (Pinus tabuliformis)

The Manchurian red pine is known for its unique horizontal branching habit and flat-topped crown. The pine has shiny, gray-green needles found in bundles of two or three.

Its cones are 3.5 inches (9 cm) long, emerge green, and slowly ripen to a brown shade. Another feature is its gray-brown fissured bark, which may turn a slight red hue as the tree ages.

Size: 30 to 50 ft. (9 – 15 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8

Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii)

Another medium-sized species in the genus Pinus is the chir pine. The pine has slender, yellowish-green needles that grow in bundles of three. The needles are long, reaching a length of 8 to 14 inches (20 – 35 cm). It has an attractive cone- or dome-shaped canopy.

The chir pine has dark-brown, thick, deeply fissured bark. The tree’s branches tend to curve upward. In addition, it features egg-shaped cones that are a glossy chestnut-brown color when young. This pine tree is often used for its resin and timber.

Size: 50 to 100 ft. (15 –  30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9

Douglas Pine (Pinus douglasiana)

The Douglas pine is a tall species of pine, reaching a maximum height of around 147 ft. (45 m). It has slightly curved, egg-shaped cones that are 2.7 to 3.9 inches (7 – 10 cm) long. The pine also has drooping, yellow-green needles growing in bundles of five.

The Douglas pine has a pyramidal crown when young and a round crown when it matures. Its bark is red-brown, initially smooth and gradually becoming rough and scaly as the tree ages. This pine tree is native to Mexico and is known for its good timber quality.

Size: 65 to 147 ft. (20 – 45 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 9

Durango Pine (Pinus durangensis)

The Durango pine is characterized by its egg-shaped brown cones and broad, rounded crown. The tree is relatively tall, growing up to 131 ft. (40 m). It has thick, dark-brown bark with fissures. The needles are 5.5 to 9.4 inches (14 – 24 cm) long, dark green, and grow in bundles of two.

Size: 82 to 131 ft (25 – 40 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 11

Smooth-bark Mexican pine (Pinus pseudostrobus)

The smooth-bark Mexican pine is a fast-growing pine with long, pendulous needles in bundles of five. It features asymmetrical, slightly curved cones that are an attractive yellow-brown color. The pine is fast-growing and reaches a maximum height of 120 ft. (36 m).

The smooth-bark Mexican pine has smooth, brown bark that turns thick and scaly as the tree matures. Additionally, it has a dense, widely-spreading, round canopy.

Size: Up to 120 ft. (36 m) tall, rarely taller

USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 11

Gregg’s pine (Pinus greggii)

The Gregg’s pine is a medium-sized conifer with long, slender branches. The pine has attractive, elongated, light-brown cones that slightly curve. The needles are 4.3 inches (11 cm) long, bright green, and grow in bundles of three.

The Gregg’s pine has gray-brown, scaly bark with plates separated by deep fissures. Interestingly, the upper trunk has smooth bark. The tree’s canopy is rounded and either open or dense. This attractive pine has been cultivated in many countries across the world.

Size: 49 to 65 ft. (15 – 20 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 10

Sikang pine (Pinus densata)

The Sikang pine is a medium-sized pine known for growing at extremely high elevations of 8200 to 14800 ft. (2500 – 4500 m). It features shiny, dark brown cones that are egg-shaped. The pine has dark green needles that grow in bundles of two.

The Sikang pine has a slender trunk with reddish-brown, scaly bark that becomes grayish-brown in older trees. The pine’s crown is conical when young and egg-shaped or rounded in older trees.

Size: Up to 98 ft. (30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 4 to 7

Huangshan pine (Pinus hwangshanensis)

The Huangshan pine is known for its distinctive, horizontal branching pattern and flat-topped, spreading canopy. The pine has dark green needles that come in bundles of two. Its cones are broad, egg-shaped, and have a yellow-brown hue. Additionally, it has dark-gray, scaly bark.

Size: 49 – 82 ft. (15 – 25 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 9

Khasi pine (Pinus kesiya)

The Khasi pine is a medium-sized pine that can be identified by its soft, dark-green needles that come in bundles of three. The pine has egg-shaped, slightly-curved cones. Its crown is pyramidal when young, and slowly turns rounded with age. In addition, the Khasi pine has thick, dark brown bark with deep fissures. The tree is widely used for its timber.

Size: 98 to 115 ft. (30 – 35 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 9

Knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata)

The knobcone pine is a small- to medium-sized pine with yellow-green needles that grow in bundles of three. The bark of a young knobcone pine tree is smooth and gray-brown, but as it matures, it turns red-brown and develops shallow fissures. The pine is known for its conical-shaped crown.

The knobcone pine has asymmetrical yellow-brown cones that rely on the heat of a fire to open. This pine is most often found in southern Oregon and northern California. though its range can extend as far south as Baja California, Mexico.

Size: 26 to 79 ft. (8 – 24 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 7 to 8

Luchu pine (Pinus luchuensis)

The Luchu pine is a medium-sized pine tree that grows to around 82 ft. (25 m) in height. It features long, dark-green needles that grow in bundles of two. It has an appealing, open flat-topped crown. The pine also has deeply fissured, grayish-brown bark. The pine’s cones are egg-shaped, 1.5 to 2 inches (4 – 5 cm) long, and have a yellow-brown hue.

Lumholtz’s pine (Pinus lumholtzii)

The Lumholtz’s pine is known for its pendulous, light green needles that grow in bundles of three. The pine has egg-shaped, grayish- to reddish-brown cones that hang similarly to the needles. Other identifying features include scaly, red-brown bark and a broad, rounded, open crown.

Size: 49 to 66 ft. (15–20 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8

Luz Maria Pine (Pinus luzmariae)

The Luz Maria pine can be identified by its straight, stiff needles that grow in bundles of three and droop after two to three years. It has conical or egg-shaped seed cones that are very smooth when closed. The pine has scaly, gray-brown bark and an irregularly-shaped canopy.

Size: Up to 59 ft. (18 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8

Masson’s pine (Pinus massoniana)

The Masson’s pine is a medium-sized pine, reaching 82 to 148 ft. (25 – 45 m) in height. It has dark green needles that grow in bundles of two and are 4.5 to 8 inches (12 – 20 cm) long.

The pine features egg-shaped, chestnut-brown cones. The pine tree’s bark is scaly, gray-brown, and has deep fissures. Interestingly, the bark is reddish-orange on the upper trunk, with a flaky texture.

Size: 82 to 148 ft. (25 – 45 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 9

Thinleaf pine (Pinus maximinoi)

The thinleaf pine is a medium-sized pine tree known for its slender, drooping, light green needles, which typically grow in bundles of five. The seed cones are asymmetrical, red-brown, and grow in groups of 3 – 4. Its branches are horizontally spreading.

The thinleaf pine has an open, pyramidal crown that becomes more rounded with age. An identifying feature is its bark, which is gray-brown and has large plates separated by deep fissures. The pine is widely harvested for its quality timber.

Size: 49 to 98 ft. (15 – 30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 10

Hartweg’s pine (Pinus hartwegii)

The Hartweg’s pine can be identified by its 2.3 to 5 inch (6 – 13 cm) long, egg-shaped cones that are black or dark purple in color. It features dark green needles that grow in bundles of five and are 3.9 to 7.8 inches (10 – 20 cm) long.

The Hartweg’s pine has dark-gray or brown, thick, scaly bark. It is known for growing at high elevations of 8200 to 14100 ft. (2500 – 4300 m).

Size: 66 to 98 ft. (20 – 30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 6 to 8

Mexican yellow pine (Pinus oocarpa)

The Mexican yellow pine is a medium- to large-sized pine that can reach a height of 115 ft. (35 m). It is known for its gray-brown, egg-shaped cones with a flat base. The pine has yellowish-green, straight, rigid needles growing in bundles of four to five.

The Mexican yellow pine features brown-gray, thick, scaly bark. Additionally, it has long, spreading branches that curve upwards, forming an irregular or rounded crown.

Size: Up to 115 ft. (35 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 10 to 12

Michoacán Pine (Pinus devoniana)

The Michoacán pine is a medium-sized pine tree that grows 66 to 98 ft. (20 – 30 m) tall. The pine features 9.8 to 15.7 inch (25 to 40 cm) long, dark green needles that grow in bundles of five. It has large, curved cones that grow solitary or in groups of two to four.

The Michoacán pine has rough, red-brown to dark brown bark with scaly plates separated by deep black fissures. The pine has a pyramidal or domed crown and long, spreading branches.

Size: 66 to 98 ft. (20 – 30 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 10

Montezuma pine (Pinus montezumae)

The Montezuma pine is known for its long, pendulous blue-green needles. The needles can reach up to 25 cm (9.8 inches) in length and grow in bundles of four to six, mostly five. The cones are light brown, slightly curved, and grow in groups of two or three.

The Montezuma pine has long, horizontal branches that form an attractive, rounded crown. This pine is native to Mexico, but it has been cultivated in many countries throughout the world with great success.

Size: 65 to 115 ft. (20 – 35 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8 to 11

McVaugh’s pine (Pinus praetermissa)

The McVaugh’s pine can be identified by its light green, 3 to 6 inch (8 – 16 cm) long needles that grow in bundles of five. One of the identifying features of this pine is its irregularly shaped canopy. Its cones are symmetrical, light brown, and often smooth.

Size: 39 to 49 ft. (12 – 15 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 9

Sumatran pine (Pinus merkusii)

The Sumatran pine is characterized by its dark green, slender, 6 to 8 inch (15 – 20 cm) long needles that grow in pairs. The bark is red-brown or gray-brown, and has deep fissures that form small, round plates.

The Sumatran pine has cylindrical, glossy red-brown cones that emerge green and have a rounded base. This pine is known for its tolerance of drought and heat. Its crown is conical when young and becomes more round as the tree ages.

Size: 82 to 148 ft. (25 – 45 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 10 to 12

Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens)

The Table Mountain pine is a small pine tree reaching a height of 20 to 39 ft. (6 – 12 m). It can be identified by its yellow- to mid-green needles that grow in bundles of two. The cones are usually shiny and are a copper-brown color.

The Table Mountain pine has horizontally-spreading branches and an irregular or rounded canopy. Its bark is scaly and has a red- to gray-brown shade. This pine is native to the Appalachian Mountains, United States.

Size: 20 to 39 ft. (6 – 12 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9

Taiwan red pine (Pinus taiwanensis)

The Taiwan red pine can be identified by its rough, fissured, grayish-brown bark and dark green needles that grow in bundles of two. The tree has an open, rounded crown and oblong-shaped cones that are 2.3 to 2.7 inches (6 – 7 cm) long. This pine is an important source of timber in Taiwan.

Size: Up to 115 ft. (35 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 8

Tenasserim pine (Pinus latteri)

The Tenasserim pine can be identified by its green to yellow-green, 6 to 8 inch (15 – 20 cm) long needles that grow in bundles of two. Other identifying features include glossy, orange-brown cones and deeply fissured, orange-red bark. The pine has a conical crown when young, and a rounded crown as it matures.

Size: 82 to 148 ft. (25 – 45 m)

USDA Hardiness Zones: 9 to 10

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